鸟嘴医生，又名瘟疫医生，英文名The Plague Doctor
Plague doctor ---疫病医生，意大利语称为physici epidemeie。最早的PD中有许多没有行医执照没有多少治疗经验，很多都是靠招摇撞骗来敛财，他们的治疗对象多是疫病暴发期间的黑死病患者---- 当然受到嘉奖的杰出医生也有，比如Paracelsus和Giovanni de Ventura。戴着面具的疫病医生俗称 Beak Doctor（鸟嘴医生），穿上这样的行头就代表你是治疫病的“专家”。通常鸟嘴医生都身着油布制成的厚重外套，戴着黑色的皮手套，脸上戴着镶有护目镜的鸟嘴面具，口鼻部位塞着棉花、樟脑、薄荷、姜，净化吸入的空气
虽然黑死病爆发的时代在13世纪，但这种面具起源于16世纪，一名叫Charles de Lorme的法国医生发明。他将棉花等填充物塞入一个面具的口鼻位置，充当防毒面具，来医疗染上瘟疫的病人。
这种面具在口鼻部位突出，眼睛的地方挖两个洞。他同时也带着礼帽遮住头发，穿上长袍挡赃物，还手拿一根棍子接触病人。
原先这只是一种卫生措施，后来传入了威尼斯，
据记载威尼斯13 世纪就有面具狂欢节了，参加狂欢节的人们喜欢这种面具，并夸张了口鼻的突出部分，像鸟嘴
（资料来源于百度“真三国无双ol”吧）
以下节选wikipedia的描述
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_doctor
Plague doctor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Doktor Schnabel von Rom ("Doctor Beak of Rome" in German) with a satirical Latin/German macaronic poem (‘Vos Creditis, als eine Fabel, / quod scribitur vom Doctor Schnabel’) in octosyllabic rhyming couplets. Engraving by Paul Fürst, 1656
A plague doctor (Italian: medico della peste, Dutch: pestmeester, Spanish: médico de la peste negra, German: Pestarzt) was a special medical physician who saw those who had the plague.[1] They were specifically hired by towns that had many plague victims in times of plague epidemics. Since the city was paying their salary, they treated everyone: both the rich and the poor.[2] They were not normally professionally trained experienced physicians or surgeons, and often were second-rate doctors not able to otherwise run a successful medical business or young physicians trying to establish themselves.[1]
Plague doctors by their covenant treated plague patients and were known as municipal or "community plague doctors", whereas "general practitioners" were separate doctors and both might be in the same European city or town at the same time.[1][3][4][5] In France and the Netherlands plague doctors often lacked medical training and were referred to as "empirics". In one case a plague doctor had been a fruit-seller before his employment as a physician.[6]
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, some doctors wore a beak-like mask which was filled with aromatic items. The masks were designed to protect them from putrid air, which (according to the miasmatic theory of disease) was seen as the cause of infection.[7] Being a plague doctor was unpleasant, dangerous and difficult. Their chances of survival in times of a plague epidemic were low.[8][9]
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